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| The Institution of Civil Engineers headquarters in London |
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| Faculty of Civil Engineers, UNS, Indonesia |
Civil engineers typically possess an academic degree with a major in civil engineering. The
length of study for such a degree is usually three to five years and the
completed degree is usually designated as aBachelor of
Engineering, though some universities designate the degree as a Bachelor of Science.
The degree generally includes units covering physics, mathematics, project management, design and
specific topics in civil engineering. Initially such topics cover most, if not
all, of the sub-disciplines of civil engineering. Students then choose to
specialize in one or more sub-disciplines towards the end of the degree. While
an Undergraduate (BEng/BSc) Degree will normally provide successful students
with industry accredited qualification, some universities offer postgraduate
engineering awards (MEng/MSc) which allow students to further specialize in
their particular area of interest within engineering.
In most countries, a Bachelor's degree in engineering
represents the first step towards professional
certification and the
degree program itself is certified by a professional body. After completing a
certified degree program the engineer must satisfy a range of requirements
(including work experience and exam requirements) before being certified. Once
certified, the engineer is designated the title of Professional Engineer (in
the United States, Canada and South Africa), Chartered Engineer (in most Commonwealth countries), Chartered
Professional Engineer (in Australia and New Zealand), or European Engineer (in much of the European Union). There are international
engineering agreements between relevant professional bodies which are designed
to allow engineers to practice across international borders.
The advantages of certification vary depending upon location.
For example, in the United States and Canada "only a licensed engineer may
prepare, sign and seal, and submit engineering plans and drawings to a public
authority for approval, or seal engineering work for public and private
clients.". This requirement
is enforced by state and provincial legislation such as Quebec's Engineers
Act. In other countries, no such
legislation exists. In Australia, state licensing of engineers is limited to
the state of Queensland. Practically all certifying
bodies maintain a code of ethics that they expect all members to abide
by or risk expulsion. In this
way, these organizations play an important role in maintaining ethical
standards for the profession. Even in jurisdictions where certification has
little or no legal bearing on work, engineers are subject to contract law. In cases where an engineer's
work fails he or she may be subject to the tort of negligence and, in extreme cases, the charge of criminal negligence.[citation
needed] An
engineer's work must also comply with numerous other rules and regulations such
as building codes and legislation pertaining to environmental law.
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